Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is an important chemical raw material, used to make polyvinyl acetal, gasoline-resistant pipes and vinylon synthetic fibers, fabric treatment agents, emulsifiers, paper coatings, adhesives, glues, etc.

Different grades

Polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, but not directly by polymerization of vinyl alcohol. Because vinyl alcohol is extremely unstable, it is impossible to have free vinyl alcohol monomers.

Different degree of polymerization

There are generally three kinds of alcoholysis degree, namely 78%, 88%, and 98%. Completely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol is obtained by hydrolyzing polyvinyl acetate with a degree of hydrolysis of 98% to 100%. The degree of hydrolysis of partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol is generally 87% to 89%. To keep things simple, the numbers for polymerization are usually listed first, followed by the percentage of hydrolysis. So, PVA-1788 (Poval 217) means it has a polymerization degree of 1700 and a hydrolysis degree of 88%.

Different water solubility

PVA-1788 is well soluble in water and can be quickly dissolved in cold water or in boiling water. The viscosity of PVA-2488 (Mowiol 47-88) is 1.5-2 times that of 1788 (different manufacturers' grades). The dissolution process of 2488 is longer than that of 1788, and its tensile force after dissolution is greater than that of 1788.

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With the continuous development of science and technology, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) is an important polymer compound and is widely used in various fields. In the market, PVA has many different models, and there are certain differences and characteristics between them. Next, we will introduce the differences and application scenarios of various PVA models in detail.

Let's discuss one of the common PVA models-PVA-1788. PVA-1788 has a high degree of polymerization and alcoholysis, and its solubility is good. It can be used to prepare high-transparency hydrogel products. Due to its unique physical properties, PVA-1788 is widely used in the medical and health fields, such as making waveforms to simulate human tissue. PVA-1788 can also be used as a film-forming agent for electrolyte and nutrient sustained-release systems, and is used for soil improvement in the agricultural field.

Another common model is PVA-117. Compared with PVA-1788, PVA-117 has a lower degree of polymerization and a slightly higher degree of alcoholysis. This makes PVA-117 easier to dissolve in water, and has good adhesion and fluidity, making it widely used in the preparation of adhesives. Not only that, PVA-117 can also be used as a stabilizer for the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as an emulsifier in coatings, etc.

There is also a special type of PVA, namely PVA-217. PVA-217 is characterized by a low gelation temperature, good thermal stability, and is widely used in the fiber field. In the textile industry, PVA-217 can be used for needle spinning to give the yarn a higher tensile force and lower breaking strength. PVA-217 can also be used as a cross-linking agent for cellulose fibers, playing an important role in the textile processing process.

In summary, PVA, as an important polymer compound, has different types of products to choose from in different application fields. PVA-1788 is suitable for medical and health and agricultural fields, while PVA-117 is widely used in adhesives and coatings, and PVA-217 is mainly used in the textile field.

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PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) is a white, powdery resin obtained by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. Since my country began researching and producing it in the 1960s, its current output ranks first in the world. Polyvinyl alcohol film is great because it's really clear, lightweight, and can keep gases out. It's tough, won't tear easily, and can handle wear. Plus, it can dissolve in water and break down naturally under the right conditions. It is one of the new green materials that has developed rapidly in recent years.

At present, the high-barrier packaging materials on the market mainly include polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) is mainly used in the coating process. PVDC has good oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, and the coating can be heat-sealed with low cost. However, PVDC because of the chloride ions in its structure, it cannot be recycled and reused. When the waste is incinerated, it will also produce hydrogen chloride, dioxins and other toxic and harmful substances to the human body and the surrounding environment. Europe and the United States have begun to restrict its use.

Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) has excellent barrier properties and excellent processability. It has excellent transparency, gloss, mechanical strength, elasticity, wear resistance, cold resistance and surface strength. It only produces CO2 and H20 when incinerated, and is an excellent green and environmentally friendly packaging material. However, when the ambient temperature is relatively high, its barrier properties deteriorate sharply, so it is not suitable for use alone. It is mostly used in the production of multi-layer co-extruded films, such as EVOH five-layer co-extruded films, but most of the equipment relies on imports and is costly.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA,PVA 2688 & PVA 088-60) contains a large number of hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure and has hygroscopic energy. As the humidity increases, its gas barrier function decreases. It needs to be coated or plasticized in large quantities before it can be processed and formed. Therefore, the modified PVA coating film that has been hydrophobically modified is often used in the coating process. It has been widely used in the United States and Japan, and has begun to flourish in my country in recent years.

The continuous development and progress of society has prompted people to put forward more requirements and expectations for new materials that are safe, environmentally friendly, degradable and recyclable. The development of the technology of modified PVA coating film that has emerged will not stop. The booming plastic processing industry calls for the birth of new generations of new products. It can be expected that in the near future, as the technology of modified PVA coating film becomes more mature, its share in the structural grade and economic benefits of plastic packaging market products will become larger and larger.

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Production process of PVB:

Currently,Polyvinyl Butyral Resin (PVB) is mostly produced using an extrusion casting method. China has made some high-end PVB in the past, especially for the military, like in aircraft and military vehicles, but there hasn’t really been a large-scale market for it.

Since the technology behind PVB is a closely guarded trade secret, we don’t have a clear public description of the process. Still, we can get a rough idea from technical documents:

1. First, the raw materials are fed into different extruders by the feeding system, and the pellets are evenly plasticized and molten in the extruder by heating;

2. The molten body passes through the filter to remove impurities;

3. The melted material flows out through the adjustable discharge port after removing the impurities until it cools down and takes shape as a film.

4. The film passes through the automatic X-ray measurement system to see if the thickness meets the technical requirements;

5. After the film goes through processing, it gets treated on the surface, trimmed, wound automatically, and cut into shape. At this point, it's ready as a final product.

For PVB film, it’s important that the surface is flat. If the film is 0.76mm thick, any thickness variation should be no more than 0.02mm. When measuring in both vertical and horizontal directions over a range of 50mm, the error should be under 0.006mm. Also, the moisture content has to stay below 0.3%, and the natural rating should be under 12%.

The technical difficulty of PVB production：

In terms of process, the ratio of polyvinyl butyral resin and plasticizer is one of the key points to determine the quality. In addition, since PVB has high requirements for humidity, special treatment is required during slitting, packaging, storage, and transportation;PVB needs specific humidity levels, so we have to be careful with slitting, packaging, storing, and transporting it. Plus, to make high-quality PVB, we need good resin, which means new projects will need extra resin production areas. This adds some new challenges for managing the process.

For PVB (such as Butvar B-74) in the solar industry, there are extra demands for resistivity and temperature compared to what’s needed for regular car glass or curtain walls. Usually, the resistance furnace requires more than 1000 ohms/cm2; the temperature must be lower than the tolerance temperature of the film to avoid damaging the reaction layer.

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Polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) is a solvent-based resin synthesized by acetalization reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA ) and butyraldehyde under the action of coal catalyst

• General characteristics

The appearance of PVB is white spherical porous particles or powder, and its specific gravity is 1:1; but the filling density is only 0.20~0.35g/ml.

• Thermal properties

The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PVB ranges from 50℃ for low overlap to 90℃ for high overlap; this glass transition temperature can also be adjusted to below 10℃ by adding an appropriate amount of plasticizer.

• Mechanical properties

PVB has excellent film-forming properties and gives the coating film quite good properties such as warp strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance, elasticity, flexibility, gloss, etc.; it is especially used in bonding safety glass interlayers, making the glass have strong impact resistance and penetration resistance, and it is still not replaced by other materials.

• Chemical properties

PVB coatings have good water resistance, resistance and oil resistance (resistance to aliphatic, mineral, animal and plant oils, but not castor oil). Because PVB contains high hydroxyl groups and has good dispersibility for pigments, it is widely used in printing inks and coatings. In addition, its chemical structure contains both hydrophobic acetal and acetate groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, so PVB has good adhesion to glass, metal, plastic, leather and wood.

• Chemical Reaction Properties

Any chemical that can react with secondary alcohols will also react with PVB. In a lot of PVB applications, it's common to mix it with thermosetting resins. This helps to strengthen the hydroxyl groups in PVB, making it more resistant to chemicals, solvents, and water. Depending on the type of thermosetting resin and how much you mix with PVB, you can create coatings with different features like hardness, toughness, and impact resistance.

• Safety Properties

Pure PVB is non-toxic and harmless to the human body. In addition, ethyl acetate or alcohol can be used as solvents, so PVB is widely used in printing inks for food containers and plastic packaging in Europe and the United States.

• Storability Properties

As long as PVB is not in direct contact with water, it can be stored for two years without affecting its quality; PVB needs to be stored in a dry and cool place and avoid direct sunlight. Avoid heavy pressure when storing PVB.

• Solubility Properties

PVB dissolves in alcohol, ketones, esters, and some other solvents. The solubility in various solvents varies according to the functional group composition of PVB itself. Please refer to CCP PVB Solvent Solubility Table. Basically, alcohol solvents mix well, but methanol doesn’t blend as easily with substances that have a lot of acetal groups. The more acetal groups there are, the easier it is to mix with ketone and ester solvents. PVB has good solubility in alcohol ether solvents, like Cellosolve. It only partly mixes with aromatic solvents such as xylene and toluene, and it won’t mix at all with hydrocarbon solvents.

PVB (such as Changchun PVB) has good film-forming properties. The coating formed by PVB (Butvar B-72 & PVB WWW-A-20) has excellent properties such as high transparency, elasticity, toughness, strength resistance, oil resistance, flexibility and low-temperature impact resistance.

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N-Phenylmaleimide (abbreviated N-PMI), also known as monomaleimide,(C₁₀H₇NO₂, CAS 941-69-5) manufactured by Yangchen Tech used as a high-performance polymer synthetic monomer and modifier.  Structurally, N-PMI features a maleimide ring bonded to a phenyl group, making it highly reactive in both free-radical and ionic polymerizations.  It is produced as a pale yellow crystalline powder (melting point \~88–90 °C) and is valued for its ability to impart heat resistance, mechanical strength, and unique functional properties to resins and plastics.  N-PMI also exhibits photosensitivity and biocidal (disinfectant) activity, which has led to its use as a bactericide, fungicide, and antifouling agent in coatings.

Chemical and Functional Properties

Heat Resistance: N-Phenylmaleimide greatly improves thermal stability when copolymerized with vinyl monomers.  Even small additions (≈1–5% by weight) to ABS, PVC or PMMA resins can raise the heat distortion temperature (HDT) by \~2 °C per wt% of N-PMI.  For example, incorporating 10% N-PMI into ABS can elevate its heat-resistance to about 125–130 °C.  In comparative studies, N-PMI–modified ABS achieved HDT near 150 °C, whereas typical α-methylstyrene modifiers cap around 115 °C.  This high thermal stability makes N-PMI a preferred heat-resistant ABS modifier and engineering polymer additive.

Mechanical Properties: N-Phenylmaleimide enhances the mechanical strength and stiffness of polymers.  Copolymers containing N-PMI show higher tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance than unmodified plastics.  It also improves melt-flow and processability, enabling easier molding and extrusion without degradation.

Specification

Chemical and Flame Resistance:  When added to resins, N-PMI increases chemical resistance against acids, bases and solvents.  It also has inherent flame-retardant character; incorporating N-PMI into a polymer matrix can improve the material’s fire resistance, a critical property for electronics and construction applications.

Photosensitivity and Biocidal Activity:  N-Phenylmaleimide is used in photosensitive resins and coating formulations due to its ability to undergo UV-initiated polymerization.  Uniquely, it possesses disinfectant properties – it is listed as a *bactericide, fungicide and underwater organism repellent*.  This makes it useful as an antifouling additive in marine coatings and as an intermediate in agricultural chemicals (e.g. plant-growth regulators and pesticides).

Solubility

N-Phenylmaleimide is highly soluble in many organic solvents (e.g. acetone, DMF, benzene), facilitating its use in reactive extrusion and solution polymerizations.  In summary, its combination of heat resistance, mechanical reinforcement, flame-retardancy and biocidal effects make N-phenylmaleimide a versatile monomer and modifier in advanced polymer systems.

Chemical Structure
Chemical Formula	C10H7NO2
Molecular Weight	173.16
CAS No.	941-69-5
Packing Type	Paper bag (20 kg)

Applications in Polymers and Alloys

• N-Phenylmaleimide manufactured by Yangchen Tech is primarily used as a comonomer modifier to produce heat-resistant plastic alloys and copolymers. 
• Heat-Resistant ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene):  N-PMI is widely added to ABS resin to create *N-PMI–modified ABS*, often called heat-resistant ABS.  The maleimide group copolymerizes with styrenic monomers, greatly improving HDT and thermal stability.  Even 1% N-PMI raises ABS HDT by \~2 °C.  N-PMI–ABS finds use in automotive parts (dashboards, engine covers), electronics housings and any application requiring high-temperature performance.
• PVC and PVC/ABS Blends:  Blending N-PMI into PVC or PVC/ABS alloys increases softening temperature and heat deflection.  For example, N-PMI improves the heat resistance of PVC-ABS compounds used in television and office equipment housings.
• PMMA (Acrylic Resins):  In polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and other acrylic resins, N-PMI copolymerization boosts thermal endurance.  N-PMI-modified PMMA is suitable for optical components (discs, lenses) and lighting parts that must withstand higher service temperatures.
• Engineering Plastic Alloys:  N-PMI is incorporated into blends of engineering plastics such as polyamide (PA), polycarbonate (PC), and PBT.  These polymer alloys – used in automotive and appliance components – gain improved thermal stability from N-PMI modification.

Please consult us for more information about N-Phenylmaleimide polymer applications.Welcome Inquiry!

Electrostatic chuck is a key component widely used in semiconductor manufacturing for clamping and positioning semiconductor chips. In the past, China's semiconductor industry relied mainly on imports for electrostatic chucks, which brought great inconvenience to domestic semiconductor manufacturing.

In view of international trade friction and technology protection pressure, China decided to increase the localization of electrostatic chucks. However, to achieve this goal is not easy, facing a series of technical and market difficulties.

Technical breakthroughs in the arduous

As a high-precision component, electrostatic chucks require extremely low coefficient of friction, stable mechanical properties and high-precision positioning capability. In order to realize localization, Chinese semiconductor enterprises actively carry out technical research.

After years of efforts, domestic enterprises have made some breakthroughs. They have improved the process, optimized the material ratios, and developed some innovative design methods. These technological advances have significantly improved the performance of domestic electrostatic chucks.

Structure of electrostatic chuck

Conventional electrostatic chuck, the difference is that the surface of the electrostatic chuck insulation layer material is different, dark aluminum nitride, white alumina, the structure of the electrostatic chuck is divided into the following parts:

- Insulation layer: Used for contact with wafers, usually aluminum nitride ceramic, because of its good mechanical strength, high temperature resistance and thermal conductivity.

- Ejector pin and He air holes: The ejector pin is used for wafer transfer. When the wafer enters the etching chamber, the ejector pin rises to take up the wafer, and then the ejector pin falls down to place the wafer on the surface of the electrostatic chuck. Moreover, the ejector is usually a hollow structure, and He gas is passed through to cool down the wafers at the same time. 

- Back He flow: Used to enhance heat dissipation and to provide feedback on wafer adsorption.

- Electrostatic Electrodes: Used to generate an electrostatic field to adsorb wafers. Electrodes are usually flat and embedded or deposited in insulating materials. Commonly used materials include aluminum, copper and tungsten and other metals with good electrical conductivity.

 - Circulating cooling water and heating electrodes: mainly used for the overall temperature control of the electrostatic chuck, heating electrodes and circulating cooling water at the same time, so that the wafer can be maintained at a stable temperature. 

The key and difficult point of the electrostatic chuck lies in the temperature control.

Semiconductor process temperature control of the wafer is critical to dry etching, for example, the need to control the wafer at 100 ° C to -70 ° C at a particular temperature to maintain a certain etching characteristics, and therefore the need for static chuck on the wafer to heat or heat dissipation, so as to accurately control the wafer temperature.

With the development of a new generation of semiconductor technology, low-temperature etching and deposition processes usually require wafers to reach lower temperatures, so the heat dissipation performance of the electrostatic chuck has put forward higher requirements.

From a technical point of view, in addition to the size of the wafers carried by the gradual increase in size, the development trend of electrostatic chuck is mainly manifested in the temperature uniformity control needs to improve, that is, the number of zoned temperature-controlled temperature zones gradually increased.

Before and after 2000, the number of zoned temperature control temperature zone is generally 2 zones, 2000 to 2005, the number of zoned temperature control temperature zone is generally 4 zones, and at this stage, there are more than 100 temperature zone of the electrostatic chuck products have been developed and put into practical applications.

The bright future of domestic electrostatic chuck

Although the road to localization faces difficulties and challenges, but the domestic semiconductor enterprises in the localization of electrostatic chuck has made remarkable progress. With the continuous maturation of technology and brand enhancement, the market share of domestic electrostatic chucks is gradually increasing. And, China as the world's largest semiconductor market, the demand for electrostatic chucks will continue to grow.

The localization of electrostatic chucks is an important part of China's semiconductor industry to achieve self-control. Although facing technical breakthroughs and market competition in the arduous, but China's semiconductor enterprises are actively promoting the localization of electrostatic chuck process. It is believed that with the passage of time, the domestic electrostatic chuck will be more mature and show strong competitiveness in the market.

About Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd. is a cutting-edge high-tech enterprise dedicated to the R&D, manufacturing, and distribution of premium aluminum nitride (AlN) materials. As an industry-leading AlN powder producer, we deliver high-performance material solutions tailored for advanced applications in electronics, semiconductor, and aerospace sectors. Our commitment to excellence in product quality and customer service has established us as a trusted global partner for specialized ceramic materials.

Media Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

Ethylene-VinylAlcohol Copolymer (EVOH) resin provides a superior barrier against oxygen permeation, exhibiting performance up to four orders of magnitude greater than conventional polyethylene. Due to its excellent barrier properties, formability, and environmental friendliness, it is widely used in high-end new material fields such as automotive fuel tanks, films, food containers, and underfloor heating pipes.

When it comes to food packaging, EVOH really helps keep food fresh and flavorful for a long time, sometimes even years, without needing preservatives.

EVOH( EW-3201&EVAL F105B)is made bycombining ethylene and vinyl alcohol.

Applications

 1.Packaging

EVOH is often used with other materials for packaging since it's such a strong barrier:

Food & Beverage: It’s used for items like milk, juice, seafood, and other things that spoil quickly. For example, Chinese seafood exporters use five-layer vacuum-sealed films made of PE, EVOH, and PA.

Non-Food: You’ll find it in chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and electronics packaging.

2. Automotive

Fuel Tanks: EVOH mixed with HDPE makes lightweight and affordable plastic fuel tanks.

Structure :

Outer layer (HDPE) → Recycled layer → Adhesive layer (LLDPE) → Barrier layer (EVOH) → Adhesive layer (LLDPE) → Inner layer (HDPE).

Fuel Lines: PA-EVOH composite tubes replace metal pipes, aiding vehicle lightweighting.

3. Medical

Selective Permeable Membranes: Sterilized via radiation (e.g., EVOH hollow fibers for dialysis).

Artificial Kidneys: Hollow-fiber membranes for blood purification.

Drug Delivery: EVOH-coated polymers for controlled-release medications.

Biomedical Implants: Blends with corn starch or cellulose acetate for bone substitutes and tissue repair.

4. Construction

Heating Pipes: EVOH’s oxygen barrier prevents corrosion in heating systems.

Types: 3-layer (external barrier) and 5-layer (internal barrier) pipes, both using EVOH.

5. Other Uses

Textiles: Heat-sealing adhesives with superior wash resistance for apparel.

Hydrogen Storage: EVOH-modified hydrogen tank liners maintain elasticity and barrier performance even at low temperatures.

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Ultrafiltration membranes are super popular for separating different substances. You can find them in areas like oil processing, textiles, biopharmaceuticals, food production, wastewater treatment, and even making drinking water. Scientists are exploring ways to enhance these membranes so they can produce more water without compromising their filtering ability and also reduce pollution. To this end, many scholars are committed to developing new membrane materials and modifying membranes to improve their application effects. There are many methods to modify membrane materials, such as copolymerization, mixing and surface modification. Blending is simple and easy, making it a popular topic in membrane research. That's why many scientists in the field pay attention to it.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 088-08 & PVA 1088)  has good film-forming properties and pollution resistance, and is widely used as a material for preparing hydrophilic membranes.PVA membranes have a tendency to swell and can even dissolve, so they often need some changes, like heat treatment or blending. 

To make these membranes, we used materials like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose acetate (CA), glacial acetic acid, metal chlorides, and water. We created blended ultrafiltration membranes using a method called phase inversion, adding metal chlorides like sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and barium chloride (BaCl). We checked how the amount of these metal chlorides impacted the performance of the blended membranes.

Our results showed that when the mass fraction of NaCl and KCl doesn't go over 1% in the membrane solution, the modified blended membrane performs well in retaining substances. The pure water flow increases, while energy use stays pretty much the same. But, when the mass fraction goes above 1.5%, the water flow jumps significantly, but the retention rate drops. We found that about 1% is the best amount for the alkali metal chlorides, while for BaCl, around 1.5% works best. Under the same conditions, blending with KCl results in the highest water flow rate. After we changed the PVA-CA blended membrane with NaCl and KCl, it became more water-loving. But when we used BaCl, it got a bit less water-loving.

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In this era of rapid technological advancement, the development and application of new materials have become a crucial driving force for progress. Polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), as an exceptional polymer material, demonstrates tremendous potential across various fields. This article provides an in-depth exploration of PVB's chemical properties, production processes, and its extensive applications in modern technology, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of the scientific principles and technological appeal behind this remarkable material.

• Fundamental Characteristics of Polyvinyl Butyral

Polyvinyl butyral is a type of plastic made by combining polyvinyl alcohol and butyraldehyde. It boasts outstanding features including high transparency, excellent flexibility, and strong weather resistance. 

• PVB Production Process Flow

1. Raw material preparation: Polyvinyl alcohol and n-butyraldehyde as primary materials;

2. Condensation reaction: Polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved in hot water with catalyst, followed by gradual addition of butyraldehyde solution to form PVB prepolymer;

3. Dehydration and drying: The obtained PVB prepolymer undergoes dehydration and drying processes;

4. Pelletizing and forming: Finally, the dried PVB powder is processed into desired shapes or specifications through extrusion and pelletizing techniques.

Application Fields of Polyvinyl Butyral

1. Automotive industry:  PVB safety glass is great at preventing injuries from shattered glass and is often found in windshields;

2. Construction sector: PVB laminated glass makes windows safer, helps with insulation, and blocks noise, making homes cozier;

3. Electronics industry:Its strong adhesion and durability make PVB resin a good choice for different packaging and printing inks;

4. Packaging and printing: With excellent adhesion and wear resistance, PVB resin is suitable for various packaging coatings and printing inks.

Future Development Trends

Ongoing research focuses on optimizing PVB(PVB SD-1&PVB B-20HX)synthesis processes and expanding its applications.  Environmental considerations have also made the development of biodegradable PVB a current research priority.

With its outstanding comprehensive performance, polyvinyl butyral is playing an increasingly vital role across multiple industries. As technology advances, we can confidently anticipate that PVB will continue to deliver more surprises and transformations. 

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